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- \2 p4 ^# n* v+ x1 J% {" ETahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网% \6 z0 C9 O2 {# ^( r& R/ G6 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ/ _. t6 M3 F* ~3 e% @
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+ M- f O P& z- H, `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。( M$ W6 c7 A% X9 C) g7 z lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第# R2 [% L |. c% z
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9 o* W/ ]4 x( V/ |, X( Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：) Z2 D: X4 l. A1 f/ [& dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. X* S) Q! \# q4 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：2 ?7 V- [. d' M7 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. |; |3 [ l/ ^: Z7 Fmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
" N8 A4 [ w5 d4 l9 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。( {/ V) T( P' u" x* B) _mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 |: d& m i+ I- r8 r6 D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：1 a% `8 {1 r$ t: C3 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, b9 R- }1 M/ {+ [% d
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。7 s3 D) L t5 Q u) I Y" a1 d
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+ `7 k' r. I3 D7 i% A' W7 F/ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：2 r1 o$ ~- x5 G# I0 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ y$ p7 g* N, D# [3 I3 I6 C7 Zmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
* k6 b# j( W4 z9 t2 amso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？# ^$ M! l# {- w. x
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰： X- ]3 L! }; Z9 y# x5 K6 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) \, b( [. o! y" ]- [0 V* Wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
3 W/ S6 P" W5 |8 U' ]$ [# F$ Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。$ u- h8 y1 m, d; H- f) ]8 N; ?
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。/ k3 b b& a2 ], zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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! a* N- [- N# ?. bmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说： g, W: v3 _& ] |1 s! k: y$ T( n10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 k* d- c1 `& L9 Z# r0 smso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
, ~0 z1 d# T) Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。! g" S' ^0 ~- q& L- z
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. ^! a9 c# h' X U( b( Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：4 N+ {8 e; ^ r9 T% Z0pt">"; s8 k) @9 c* ?6 D( A H1 h5 nmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
8 g. l& A! S7 YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。7 K3 P5 [4 y8 G( p) I) M' pmso-font-kerning:0pt">"& A* y+ y( {' S0 C! r7 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. e$ [% M" |' {6 Q4 C
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：. W! ]5 y; o5 m( X* L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢, c! z- L6 k" B6 I; K
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) s# _+ g( D+ ^* Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：$ W4 E: l* ~7 k9 M' n% H& p* G" dmso-font-kerning:0pt">"! s* c: o. l# M1 L1 p4 j" p Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. A% i k+ n; D4 F! T! P
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。+ n* z* N! S# G0 ~; [
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2 d) K+ i( y( H: G. nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是2 N8 {% X* f' m+ x* e ^- o; O' P10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 U3 |# D! g( R# V' Y$ r2 F* k
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3 e4 ?7 z( l8 |. {8 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违. J' e, ` r) T/ [, _! i1 _# h9 w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得! ^; W" ^% b2 u6 y! _. b# m' rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 I9 g$ z6 o/ C2 g4 ~# {% V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲# M, E1 ]! I: [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 R% m! O; h. Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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+ E9 t, r6 e0 a* Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，* o2 G' S" K0 a8 G2 y$ V
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" I2 _- z' |4 v; gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。. k9 P0 X. j* [6 P1 Z6 P8 Q- d3 G
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* p+ R, M) l# x) C! Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。) a q9 L0 m, N& A& L$ D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。; K* c9 ^4 a8 m8 ]$ @3 Q) Y
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0 y' a7 L# N. {1 l; O9 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：' k1 ^! b7 t D& h, i1 V; B/ M+ D3 I/ b
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. E+ Q' p* H6 M4 |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义- h+ ?6 f6 w4 U3 Q, Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！8 F$ C6 n8 H2 n# \7 C7 z$ {* r/ T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。* z; t$ U) g+ y, mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述& C1 f, Z1 V4 Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊- e0 Y9 n0 Q8 @9 umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& A$ `" p: d( V) D6 m. }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。* P/ R9 K1 n/ [) \, d! J X1 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。5 \% ~; ~ V# t; q' y+ y, `" r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。8 Y) q! I5 k* L9 ?' q1 q/ Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. c6 m; t' w, B0 i- u) ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 C- z( V p0 F9 y# \% Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：( O) q; Q0 ]& P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。* u# ?) i2 l5 s" x1 }+ N) t
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! r5 U0 f9 p8 F: i* gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个7 C# _& e: ^! j6 W; R7 V; B- k, Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 g0 s% R8 g: r9 F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为2 z' X; U0 H* e/ j4 E8 Y$ fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. d0 `0 i+ a% N. @9 a P
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; J( t9 T* P8 U5 s% r$ kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道5 J: b" {; }" J5 g& p$ @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ P) A( v& r2 A1 m! Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# q: a+ k& j" ]0 @ K4 K% ~7 {6 B
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。! W- F4 [: y* L6 G# p) H6 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的: G! O. l, M, L( @ a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺5 ~+ e6 v: ]4 S7 D" rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 ?! F& R+ P1 G; M( }$ mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 t% Y- N2 D5 _1 g
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思; _7 Z: z* ]2 S3 b2 g
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